These values, which vary by age and sex, include: DRIs is the general term for a set of reference values used for planning and assessing nutrient intakes of healthy people. Intake recommendations for fluoride and other nutrients are provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) developed by the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Criteria for adequate, high, or low levels of fluoride in the body have not been established. Individual fluoride status is not typically assessed, although fluoride concentrations can be measured in plasma, saliva, urine, bones, nails, hair, and teeth.
In young children, up to 80% of absorbed fluoride is retained because more is taken up by bones and teeth than in adults. In adults, about 50% of absorbed fluoride is retained, and bones and teeth store about 99% of fluoride in the body. Īpproximately 80% or more of orally ingested fluoride is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Most of the fluoride that people consume comes from fluoridated water, foods and beverages prepared with fluoridated water, and toothpaste and other dental products containing fluoride. Soil, water, plants, and foods contain trace amounts of fluoride. Fluoride is the ionic form of the element fluorine, and it inhibits or reverses the initiation and progression of dental caries (tooth decay) and stimulates new bone formation. Introductionįluoride, a mineral, is naturally present in many foods and available as a dietary supplement.
For a general overview of Fluoride, see our consumer fact sheet on Fluoride. This is a fact sheet intended for health professionals.
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